PS Promethea Station · 10 sheets
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Promethea Station launch and assembly matrix: twelve axonometric views showing vehicle variants V1 to V4 across assembly phases I to III
PS-02Launch & assembly matrix

A successor to the ISS, built to validate artificial gravity and closed-loop life support.

Promethea Station is a modular platform in low Earth orbit designed to bridge the gap between the ISS and the demands of long-duration deep-space missions. An AG habitat rotates to generate Martian-equivalent gravity while the backbone runs a fully closed biological life support system — the two technologies most critical to a crewed Mars transit.

A commercial sector accommodates short-stay visitors, generating the revenue that sustains the research mission. The station reaches its final configuration after six Starship launches across four vehicle variants and three assembly phases.

Station schedule
General
Capacity12 — 8 crew, 4 tourists
Starship launches6
Design life20 years minimum
Space Crusader habitation module
Rotation radius10.8 m
Floor gravity0.38 g
Spin rate5.612 rpm
ICELSS closed-loop life support
Growing area per person40 m²
Caloric target2,500 kcal / person / day
Crew served per unit4
PS-01Mission

Promethea Station addresses the two most critical unknowns of human deep-space travel: what sustained partial gravity does to the body over years, and whether biological systems can replace resupply chains entirely.

The AG habitat rotates at 5.6 rpm to simulate 0.38 g — equivalent to Martian surface gravity — so the station becomes a long-duration testbed for crew physiology before any Mars transit is attempted. The four ICELSS greenhouse modules provide a fully closed loop of oxygen, water and food per crew unit, eliminating dependence on Earth resupply for those basic necessities.

The commercial sector is not decorative. Four short-stay tourism berths generate the operational funding that makes the research mission financially viable — a deliberate design constraint that shaped the station's modular structure.

Promethea is designed to remain operational for a minimum of 20 years, with modules replaceable on-orbit via Starship cargo flights. It is intended as the operational predecessor to any permanent Martian habitat: every system it tests is a system that Mars will require.

PS-02Launch & assembly matrix

Four vehicle variants (V1–V4) were derived from the station, illustrated across three assembly phases. Each phase adds structural, habitation and life-support capacity. Columns represent assembly phases; rows represent vehicle variants carrying progressively larger payloads.

Launch and assembly matrix: vehicle variants V1 to V4 across assembly phases I to III
PS-02.1 Assembly matrix, phases I–III against variants V1–V4
PS-03Station overview

The final configuration shows the four Space Crusader habitation arms extending symmetrically from the central hub. The ICELSS modules are separate inflatable volumes connected to the microgravity backbone. The large solar array truss provides power for the full station, and the backbone itself allows zero-g research.

Promethea Station, full top-down axonometric
PS-03.1 Final configuration, top-down axonometric
PS-04Station layout

Two distinct zones serve different gravity levels and user groups. The outer ring of Space Crusader modules provides Martian gravity, while the backbone provides a microgravity environment.

Full station plan, Martian gravity ring
PS-04.1Martian gravity ring, complete station plan
Research and microgravity zones, horizontal plan
PS-04.2Horizontal section through the research and microgravity zones
Microgravity zone floor plan
PS-04.3Microgravity zone, tether hub and experiment bays
PS-05Space Crusader module

The Space Crusader is the primary habitation unit. Four modules extend from the central hub in a cross configuration and rotate together at 5.6 rpm, generating 0.38 g at the habitat floor through centrifugal force. The station accommodates 12 individuals across 4 modules — 8 permanent crew separated in 2 modules and 4 tourists in the remaining 2.

The cross-shaped plan allows four equal arms to extend radially, creating a balanced rotation system that takes advantage of the resulting Coriolis force. The modules are arranged parallel to the rotational axis to favour movement along it and mitigate the effect of Coriolis force on crew motion.

Space Crusader frontal view, cross configuration, dimensioned
PS-05.1 Frontal view of the cross configuration, dimensioned

Dimensions

Rotation radius
10.8 m
Overall span
21.6 m
Floor gravity
0.38 g
Spin rate
5.612 rpm
Space Crusader axonometric view
PS-05.2Space Crusader axonometric view
Commercial module floor plan
PS-05.3Commercial module floor plan
Research module floor plan
PS-05.4Research module floor plan
PS-06Construction details
Space Crusader, annotated horizontal section through the rotating component axis
PS-06.1Horizontal section through the Space Crusader's rotating component axis
Rotating joint: tether mechanism, Whipple shield and bearing detail
PS-06.2Rotating joint: tether deployment, ceramic bearings and Whipple shield wall structure
SpinCalc artificial gravity parameters at R = 10.8 m
SpinCalc parameters: R = 10.8 m, Ω = 5.612 rpm, A = 0.38 g
PS-07ICELSS: closed-loop life support

The ICELSS — Inflatable Controlled Ecological Life Support System — consists of separate inflatable modules connected to the microgravity backbone. The units complete the biological loop: plants absorb the CO₂ and water produced by the crew, return oxygen, and yield food. Waste is preferably composted back into the growing medium.

The toroidal geometry creates a continuous growing surface. 40 m² of cultivated area per person is achieved through aeroponics and felt/NFT harvesting units, and autonomous robotic harvesting operates independently of crew schedules.

ICELSS cross-section render showing the interior
ICELSS plan view render
PS-07.1–2ICELSS cross-section and plan
ICELSS specification
Daily caloric target2,500 kcal / person
Coverage per unit4 crew members
Aeroponic area4.421 m² / unit
Felt / NFT area1.341 m² / unit
Total per person40 m²
HarvestingAutonomous robotic, 24-hour cycle
Primary cropsWheat, soy, potato, lettuce, tomato
Bioregenerative CELSS cycle diagram
O₂ / CO₂ / biomass flux, fully closed loop at 40 m² per person
Greenhouse crop selection table: species, yield and growth rate
PS-07.3Crop selection and yield data
PS-08Interior & human scale

Living at 0.38 g in a rotating habitat is unlike any prior human spaceflight experience. The interior is designed to make this condition legible: curved floors follow the rotation radius, sightlines extend into the greenhouse, and natural light cycles are simulated to support circadian rhythm.

Astronaut portrait, Space Crusader crew
Exterior view, astronaut approaching Promethea Station
Interior, curved habitat floor at 0.38 g
Crew member floating through a module corridor
Early concept, station and astronaut in orbit
PS-09Review by David Nixon

Architect of ISS: Architecture Beyond Earth

There is an overwhelming argument that successor stations to the International Space Station should have a reduced gravity research capability to begin to fill the total knowledge gap on the effects of Martian gravity on the human body. None of the designs developed by the aerospace industry so far appears to have this feature. It is good to see a rotating cruciform module structure added to this microgravity design that otherwise has much in common with the International Space Station but with the transverse truss spine replaced by a line of modules. This design shows that it would be physically quite possible to add a reduced gravity research capability to a conventional space station design. The tether system adds a level of complication and perhaps tensioned struts would work as well.

This design has an important analysis of ecological life support system requirements. The ability of one 7-metre diameter inflatable module to service the life support needs of 4 occupants is a valuable deduction from the calculations and given plant performance data. This design is also well supported by literature references, solar panel and radiator calculations and the use of Ted Hall's SpinCalc online calculator to confirm the torus parameters.

PS-10Full project overview

A booklet chapter by Beliz Bayraktar, Christopher Egg and Luka Pejic, from the HB2 Orbital Shift studio.

PDF booklet

Promethea Station, full project booklet

Open PDF
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Cross-referenced sheets